Etiologias bacterianas e perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos na pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica: revisão integrativa da literatura

Emanuely Alvares  Queiroz; Thalyta de Araújo Felizardo Avelino  Farias; João Virgínio de  Moura; André Luiz Diniz  Costa; Geraldo Pinto  Xavier Junior; Maria Augusta de Costa  Moura

doi:10.24281/rremecs2026.11.17018

Autores

Emanuely Alvares Queiroz emanuely.alvares@gmail.com
UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0163-4271
Thalyta de Araújo Felizardo Avelino Farias thalytaavelino07@gmail.com
UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-7883
João Virgínio de Moura joaovirginiomoura@gmail.com
UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-7286
André Luiz Diniz Costa notsibas.spm@gmail.com
UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7678-0697
Geraldo Pinto Xavier Junior gpmedintensiva@gmail.com
UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9455-3796
Maria Augusta de Costa Moura augustamoura26@gmail.com
UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-1818

DOI:

10.24281/rremecs2026.11.17018

Palavras-chave:

Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, Microbiologia, Antibiograma

Resumo

A pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM) é uma relevante complicação infecciosa em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, associada ao aumento da morbimortalidade, do tempo de internação e dos custos hospitalares. Seu desenvolvimento está relacionado à colonização das vias aéreas e à formação de biofilmes no tubo endotraqueal, favorecendo a persistência de microrganismos resistentes e de difícil erradicação. Esta revisão integrativa analisou estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2025 nas bases PubMed, Cochrane Library e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, totalizando 27 estudos elegíveis. Os achados demonstraram predomínio de bactérias gram-negativas, como Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, com elevadas taxas de multirresistência. Entre os gram-positivos, destacou-se o Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina, enquanto fungos foram raros. Observou-se relação entre biofilme e resistência antimicrobiana, reforçando a necessidade de vigilância contínua, uso racional de antibióticos e adoção rigorosa de medidas preventivas eficazes e sustentáveis.
Descritores: Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, Microbiologia, Antibiograma.

Bacterial etiologies and antimicrobial susceptibility profile in ventilator-associated pneumonia: an integrative literature review

Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant infectious complication in Intensive Care Units, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and higher healthcare costs. Its development is related to airway colonization and biofilm formation on the endotracheal tube, favoring the persistence of resistant and difficult-to-eradicate microorganisms. This integrative review analyzed studies published between 2020 and 2025 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library databases, totaling 27 eligible studies. The findings demonstrated a predominance of gram-negative bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with high rates of multidrug resistance. Among gram-positive organisms, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent, while fungi were rare. A relationship between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance was observed, highlighting the need for continuous surveillance, rational antibiotic use, and strict implementation of effective and sustainable preventive measures.
Descriptors: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Microbiology, Antibiogram.

Etiologías bacterianas y perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica: una revisión bibliográfica integradora

Resumen: La neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAVM) es una importante complicación infecciosa en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, asociada con aumento de la morbimortalidad, prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria y mayores costos sanitarios. Su desarrollo se relaciona con la colonización de las vías respiratorias y la formación de biopelículas en el tubo endotraqueal, favoreciendo la persistencia de microorganismos resistentes y de difícil erradicación. Esta revisión integradora analizó estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, totalizando 27 estudios elegibles. Los hallazgos mostraron predominio de bacterias gramnegativas, como Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, con altas tasas de multirresistencia. Entre los grampositivos, destacó Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina, mientras que los hongos fueron raros. Se observó relación entre biopelícula y resistencia antimicrobiana, destacando la necesidad de vigilancia continua, uso racional de antibióticos y medidas preventivas eficaces y sostenibles.
Descriptores: Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica, Microbiología, Antibiograma.

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